Assessment of Reflexes (New Born)

-

 Reflexes of Eye 👁️:

1. Blinking: Infant blink at sudden appearance of bright light or approach of any object towards eye 👁️.



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: Does not disappear

2. Pupillary Reaction: Pupil 👀constricts when bright light falls on it.



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: Does not disappear



3. Doll's 👁️Eye: As head is moved to right or left, eyes 👀 lag behind and do not immediately adjust to new position.



Age of Appearance: Birth 

Age of Disappearance: 3-4 months

Reflexes of Nose👃: 

1. Sneeze 🤧: Spontaneous response of nasal 👃 passage to any irritant.



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: Does not disappear

2. Glabellar: Tapping briskly on bridge of 👃 nose (Glabella) causes eyes to close tightly.



Age of Appearance: Birth 

Age of Disappearance: Does not disappear 


Reflexes of 👄 Mouth: 

1. Rooting : The infant turns his head towards any object that touches his cheek 😊and actively seeks the nipple and begins to suck🤱 .



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: 3-4months



2. Sucking: Baby begins to suck in response to stimulation of circumoral area.


Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: Persists during Infancy👶


3. Gag reflex: Stimulation of posterior pharynx by food or suction causes infant i👶to gag.


Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: Persists throughout life


4. Extrusion : When tongue 👅is touched or depressed, infant responds by forcing it outward.



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: 4 months

5. Cough: Irritation of mucous membrane of larynx causes 😷 cough



Age of Appearance:Birth

Age of Disappearance: Persists Life Long


Reflexes of Extremities: 

1. Grasp : Touching palms of hands✋ or sales of feet 🐾 near base of digit causes flexion of hands(palmar grasp) and soles ( plantar grasp)




Age of Appearance: Birth 

Age of Disappearance: Palmar grasp at 3 months and plantar grasp at 8 months


2. Babinski: Stroking outer sole of foot upward from heel across ball of foot causes toes🦶 to hyper extend



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: 1 year


Mass Reflexes:

1. Moro's Reflex : When loud voice is made or there is sudden change in equilibrium, it causes sudden extension and abduction of Extremities and fanning of 🤌 fingers.



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: 3-4 months


2.Perez Reflex: When infant is prone on a firm surface, thumb is pressed along spine from sacrum to neck, infant👶 responds by crying😭, flexing extremities and elevating pelvis and head 👤



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: 4-6 months


3. Tonic  Neck Reflex:  When infant's head is turned to one side, arm and leg extend on that side and opposite arm and leg flex.



Age of Appearance: 2nd month

Age of Disappearance: 3-4months


4. Galant Reflex: Stroking infant back alongside spine causes hip to move towards stimulated side.



Age of Appearance: At birth

Age of Disappearance: 4 weeks


5. Dance or stepping: If infant is held such that sole of foot touches a hard surface, there is reciprocal flexion and extension.



Age of Appearance: At birth

Age of Disappearance: 3-4 weeks


6. Crawl : When placed on abdomen , infant makes crawling movements.



Age of Appearance: Birth

Age of Disappearance: 5 weeks

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Burn Injury

-
Image
  Introduction :         Damage to the body tissue is caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight or radiation os called burn injury.       Burn injury results in destruction of the layers of the skin and depletion of fluids and electrolytes. Classification of burns based on the depth of the tissue involved , First degree burn : Superficial burn which causes local inflammation of the skin involves injury to the upper third of the dermis. Eg. Sunburn Second degree burn : Deeper burn and in addition to pain, redness and inflammation, there is blistering of the skin. Third degree burn : Involves all the three layers of the skin caused death of that area of skin. This is relatively painless because the nerves are damaged. Extent of Burn Injury:     Burns are measured as a percentage of total body area affected. Method used is the " Rule of Nine".    If  more than 15% -20% of the body is involved then, significant fluid ...
Read more

Breast Cancer Awareness-Stage 0,1 and Stage 2

-
Image
  Introduction :       Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women. Substantial support for breast cancer awareness and research funding has helped create advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer survival rates have increased, and the number of deaths associated with this disease is steadily declining, largely due to factors such as earlier detection, a new personalized approach to treatment and a better understanding of the disease. Epidemiology :       According to a study by Globocon 2020, In India, every four minutes a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. With some 1,78,000 new cases being diagnosed every year, the incidence of breast cancer has overtaken cervical cancer to become the most common cancer in Indian ...
Read more

Kidney Transplantation -Guidelines

-
  IN WARD ON ADMISSION: Admission in ward History and Physical examination  Send-- CBC, RFT, ELECTROLYTES, LFT, CRP, PROCALCITONIN, COAGULATION, URINE CULTURE, BLOOD CULTURE, URINE ROUTINE, URINE PCR, CMR IgG, CXR, ECG, CROSS MATCH (4 UNITS PRBC )
Read more