Learning is a best medicine in life

  IN WARD ON ADMISSION: Admission in ward History and Physical examination  Send-- CBC, RFT, ELECTROLYTES, LFT, CRP, PROCALCITONIN, COAGULATION, URINE CULTURE, BLOOD CULTURE, URINE ROUTINE, URINE PCR, CMR IgG, CXR, ECG, CROSS MATCH (4 UNITS PRBC )

 Composition:     Enclex 40 : Each prefilled syringe contains Enoxaparin Sodium IP -40mg Water for injection IP -0.4ml   Enclex 60 : Each prefilled syringe contains  Enoxaparin sodium Sodium IP -60mg Water for injection IP - 0.6ml Dosage form: Pre-filled syringe  Pharmacology :  Enoxaparin is a low-molecular weight heparin ,which has anti- thrombotic properties .In humans, enoxaparin given as a subcutaneous dose of 1.5 mg/kg is characterized by a higher ratio of anti- Factor X a to anti-Factor II a activity. Distribution:         The volume of distribution of anti- Factor Xa activity is about 4.3 litres Metabolism:   Enoxaparin Sodium is primarily metabolized in the liver by desulfation and /or depolymerization to lower molecular weight species with much reduced biological potency.Renal clearance of active fragments represents about 10% of the administered dose and total renal excretion of active and non-active fragments 40% ...

  Introduction:                 Degatide contains the drug degarelix which is chemically a peptide , is given as a subcutaneous injections on the anterior abdominal wall. When degarelix comes in contact with the dermis, it can trigger an immune reaction characterized by one / more of pain ,erythema ,edema ,induration and nodules at the injection site. This is called as an "injection site reaction". General aseptic procedures:   Wash hands with soap and water before performing the injection procedure After washing hands,wear sterile gloves and keep them on for the duration of the procedure Disinfect the seal covering the mouth of the vial of Degatide (80/120mg) with spirit, allowing it to evaporate Reconstitute the vial as described below Give the injection of Degatide immediately after reconstruction Reconstitution of the vials and doses: 2 kinds of doses Starting dose/ initiation dose: Androgen deprivation therapy with degarelix is star...

 Definition:           This is a rare but severe complications of hyperthyroidism, which may occur when a thyrotoxic patient becomes very sick or physically stressed. Symptoms include; Increased body temperature 🌡️ ( >40 degrees Celsius or 104 degrees Fahrenheit) Tachycardia Arrhythmia 🤮 Vomiting and diarrhea leading to dehydration Coma and death Diagnostic/ Intervention: Thyroid function test (TSH, T4, T3) TSH level-low, T3 and T4 - elevated  Anti- TSH -receptor antibodies will be found in Grave's disease Radioactive iodine uptake test and thyroid scan  Radioactive iodine is injected or taken orally on an empty stomach and the amount of iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland is measured. Patients with hyperthyroidism absorb too much iodine Management: Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with, Anti-thyroid medications Radioactive iodine ( which destroys the thyroid gland and stops the exc...

Definition:   Cerebral Palsy is a disorder that affects muscle tone, movement and motor skills (the ability to move in a coordinated and purposeful way) Types of Cerebral Palsy: Spastic Cerebral Palsy - causes stiffness and movement difficulties. Athetoid Cerebral Palsy- leads to involuntary and uncontrolled movements Ataxic Cerebral Palsy- disturbed sense of balance and depth perception Causes: Exact cause is unknown, but believed that Cerebral Palsy can be caused by  Problems occuring during🤰 pregnancy such as Infections, Maternal health problems, Genetic disorder, Something that interfered with normal 🧠 brain development Premature👶 babies - higher risk of cerebral palsy than babies 👶carried full term Bacterial meningitis Lead 🤮poisoning Trauma Birth asphyxia Bacterial Meningitis  Birth Asphyxia Signs and symptoms: Extreme irritability and crying Feeding 🤱difficulties Stiffness and rigid arms or legs Delayed developmental milestones Abnormal posturing Persist...

TYPES  OF  HERNIA   Inguinal Hernia:  It is the most common hernia seen in infants and children. It occurs in the groin region. It may be unilateral or bilateral, more frequent in boys (90%) than girls (10%). It is more common in premature than term infants. Pathophysiology: As the male foetus grows and matures during pregnancy, the testicles develop in the abdomen and then move down into the scrotum, through an area called the inguinal canal. Shortly after the baby 👶 is born, the inguinal canal closes, preventing the testicles from moving back into the abdomen. If the closure does not occur completely, a loop of intestine can move into the inguinal canal, through the weakened area of the lower abdominal wall, causing a hernia. Although girls do not have testicles, they do have inguinal canal, so they can develop hernias in this area as well. This hernia may be reducible or irreducible. If the hernia is reducible, the contents of the hernia sac can be replaced into ...

  Definition :     Bowel obstruction (or intestinal obstruction) is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. It can occur at any level distal to the duodenum of the small intestine and is a medical emergency. Incidence and Etiology:   Intestinal obstruction occurs in about 1 in 1500 live births. Congenital obstructive lesions of the intestines can be viewed as intrinsic (atresia, stenosis, meconium ileus , aganglionic megacolon) or extrinsic (malrotation, constricting bands, intra-abdominal hernias). Small Bowel Obstruction: Causes of small bowel obstruction include the following: Adhesions from previous surgery Hernias containing bowel Crohn's Disease Neoplasms Intussusception Volvulus Ischemic Strictures Foreign Bodies Intestinal Atresia Large Bowel Obstruction: Causes of large bowel obstruction include the following: Neoplasms Hernias Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic volvulus Adhesions ...